.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-31470cb{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--padding-top:24px;--padding-bottom:24px;--padding-left:24px;--padding-right:24px;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-93b45e5 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Times New Roman", Sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;line-height:32px;letter-spacing:0.1px;color:#111111;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9c1bc08{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:calc( ( 1 - var( --container-widget-flex-grow ) ) * 100% );--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--align-items:flex-start;}.elementor-widget-text-editor{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap, .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-default .elementor-drop-cap{color:var( --e-global-color-primary );border-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-widget-button .elementor-button{background-color:var( --e-global-color-accent );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-weight );}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ce20c8e{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:initial;--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:0px 0px;--row-gap:0px;--column-gap:0px;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9251cac{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-986327b{font-family:"Roboto", Sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b96024f{text-align:start;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ca9bd1f{--display:flex;--flex-direction:column;--container-widget-width:100%;--container-widget-height:initial;--container-widget-flex-grow:0;--container-widget-align-self:initial;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a8d925f{--display:grid;--e-con-grid-template-columns:repeat(1, 1fr);--e-con-grid-template-rows:repeat(1, 1fr);--grid-auto-flow:row;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-63eb9c3{--display:flex;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b4d03f0{--display:flex;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5478210{--display:flex;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-47837f2{--display:flex;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-c7e8127{--display:flex;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f435f32{--display:flex;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-540b00e{--n-accordion-title-font-size:1rem;--n-accordion-item-title-space-between:0px;--n-accordion-item-title-distance-from-content:0px;--n-accordion-icon-size:15px;}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a8d925f{--grid-auto-flow:row;}}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9251cac{--width:20%;}.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ca9bd1f{--width:80%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a8d925f{--e-con-grid-template-columns:repeat(1, 1fr);--grid-auto-flow:row;}}/* Start custom CSS for text-editor, class: .elementor-element-31733f1 */.isri-metrics {
    display: flex;
    gap: 14px;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #555;
}

.isri-metrics span {
    white-space: nowrap;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for text-editor, class: .elementor-element-1fd9f12 */html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for container, class: .elementor-element-9251cac */.elementor-233 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9251cac {
  position: sticky;
  top: 100px;
}
/* Left article navigation */
.article-left-nav a {
  color: #1a4fd8;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.article-left-nav a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

[id] {
  scroll-margin-top: 110px; /* adjust for your header */
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-be2530b */.article-meta-wrap {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #666;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 24px;
}

.article-meta-wrap a {
  color: #1a73e8;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-meta-wrap a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
/* Make article meta labels bold */
.article-meta-wrap .article-pages::before,
.article-meta-wrap .article-date::before,
.article-meta-wrap .article-doi::before {
  font-weight: 700;
}
/* IEEE-style dark meta text */
.article-meta-wrap {
  color: #222222; /* dark charcoal */
  font-size: 15px;
}

/* Labels: Page(s), Date of Publication, DOI */
.article-meta-wrap strong {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #1f1f1f; /* slightly darker for labels */
}

/* DOI link style */
.article-meta-wrap a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-meta-wrap a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-da31a61 */.article-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.author-item {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.author-name strong {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.author-affiliation {
  color: #333;
}

.author-orcid a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.author-orcid a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-da31a61 */.article-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.author-item {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.author-name strong {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.author-affiliation {
  color: #333;
}

.author-orcid a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.author-orcid a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-da31a61 */.article-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.author-item {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.author-name strong {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.author-affiliation {
  color: #333;
}

.author-orcid a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.author-orcid a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-da31a61 */.article-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.author-item {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.author-name strong {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.author-affiliation {
  color: #333;
}

.author-orcid a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.author-orcid a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-da31a61 */.article-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.author-item {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.author-name strong {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.author-affiliation {
  color: #333;
}

.author-orcid a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.author-orcid a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-da31a61 */.article-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.author-item {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.author-name strong {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.author-affiliation {
  color: #333;
}

.author-orcid a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.author-orcid a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for shortcode, class: .elementor-element-da31a61 */.article-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.author-item {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.author-name strong {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.author-affiliation {
  color: #333;
}

.author-orcid a {
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.author-orcid a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}/* End custom CSS */
/* Start custom CSS for nested-accordion, class: .elementor-element-540b00e *//* =========================================
   IEEE STYLE ACCORDION — ELEMENTOR (FINAL)
   ========================================= */

/* Scope */
.ieee-accordion details {
    border: none;
}

/* Summary row */
.ieee-accordion summary {
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 36px;
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
}

/* Remove default marker */
.ieee-accordion summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
}

/* Hide Elementor + / − text icon */
.ieee-accordion .e-n-accordion-item-icon {
    display: none !important;
}

/* IEEE arrow ▸ (collapsed) */
.ieee-accordion summary::after {
    content: "▸";
    position: absolute;
    right: 12px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #111;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

/* IEEE arrow ▾ (expanded) */
.ieee-accordion details[open] summary::after {
    transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(90deg);
}/* End custom CSS */